DO y DOES - Blog ES Learniv.com (2023)

La diferencia entre DO y DOES puede resultar complicada, sobre todo para los principiantes. El verbo irregular 'to do' se utiliza de múltiples maneras en inglés y, como tal, puede emplearse fácilmente de forma incorrecta. Veamos ejemplos concretos de cómo utilizarlo correctamente y cuál es la diferencia entre DO y DOES (DO vs DOES).

Cómo y por qué utilizar DOES en lugar de DO

La tercera persona del singular suele añadir la terminación '-s' a los verbos. Así es como DO se convierte en DOES. Pero, ¿qué pasa con la 'e' extra en '-es'? ¿Por qué la tercera persona del singular es DOES y no DOS? ¿Y cuál es la diferencia entre "-s" y "-es"? Siga leyendo para encontrar todas las respuestas.

En primer lugar, hay que decir que, además de en la tercera persona del singular, la terminación "-s" también se utiliza en otros contextos, por ejemplo, para formar sustantivos plurales. Eso significa que las reglas que se describen a continuación son reglas generales que no se aplican sólo a los verbos, sino también a otras palabras.

La terminación '-s' simple

Como regla general, añadimos la terminación '-s' a la forma simple de la palabra (= el infinitivo del verbo, el sustantivo singular, etc.). Esto es válido para casi todas las palabras, salvo las descritas en otros apartados.

Un ejemplo de verbo en tercera persona del singular:

· I like music.

· He likes music.

Un ejemplo de sustantivo plural:

· One mistake

· More mistakes

Palabras acabadas en "-o, -s, -sh, -ch, -x

Sin embargo, si una palabra termina en "-o", se añade "-es" en lugar de "-s".

Un ejemplo de verbo en tercera persona del singular:

· I do a lot of work.

· He does a lot of work.

Un ejemplo de sustantivo plural:

· One potato

· More potatoes

Muchos sustantivos terminan en "-o", pero muy pocos verbos lo hacen. Los verbos que acaban en "-o" son DO y GO.

La misma regla se aplica a las palabras terminadas en "-s", "-sh", "-ch" o "-x", que también llevan la terminación "-es".

Un ejemplo de verbo en tercera persona del singular:

· I watch TV.

· He watches TV.

Un ejemplo de sustantivo plural:

· One sandwich

· More sandwiches

Existen otras excepciones a la regla de la terminación en "-s", que no vamos a tratar en detalle, ya que nos centramos en el verbo DO.

Terminemos diciendo que se trata de una regla general y que no hay diferencia entre el verbo DO y otras palabras en este aspecto. La única diferencia entre DO y DOES es que DOES se utiliza en tercera persona del singular (DO vs DOES).

DO vs DOES como verbo auxiliar

El verbo DO también tiene otra función específica en inglés: es lo que se llama un verbo auxiliar, lo que significa que se utiliza en combinación con otros verbos principales para añadir significado gramatical a una frase. Normalmente, se utiliza para expresar un tiempo o una afirmación negativa.

Otros verbos auxiliares son HAVE, BE, WOULD y otros.

DO NOT y DOES NOT - el verbo DO en frases negativas

El verbo DO (y DOES en tercera persona del singular) también es útil si quieres hacer negativa una frase. Una vez más, DO y DOES se utilizan como verbos auxiliares en frases negativas.

La regla es muy sencilla. Para que una frase sea negativa, añada "not" (o la forma contraída "n't") a DO vs DOES:

Ejemplos de la forma negativa completa:

· I do not like.

· You do not like.

· She does not like.

· We do not like.

Ejemplos de la forma negativa contraída:

· I don’t like.

· You don’t like.

· She doesn’t like.

· We don’t like.

Otros ejemplos de cómo utilizar DON'T y DOESN'T en las frases:

  • I drink coffee but I don’t drink tea.
  • I don’t like my job.
  • He likes football but he doesn’t like tennis.
  • It doesn’t rain very often here.

Los verbos auxiliares siempre se utilizan con otros verbos principales y DO no es una excepción. La diferencia entre DO y otros verbos es que, a diferencia de otros verbos, DO puede utilizarse en una misma frase dos veces: primero como verbo auxiliar y luego como verbo principal.

Mira estos ejemplos:

  • I don’t do it very often.
  • John doesn’t do his job very well.

DO vs DOES - verbos auxiliares en las preguntas

También puedes utilizar el verbo DO vs DOES (y DOES en tercera persona del singular) como verbo auxiliar en las preguntas. En ese caso, tienes que cambiar el orden de las palabras de la frase y añadir DO/DOES antes del pronombre.

Formas afirmativas:

· I like

· You have

· She does

· We play

Preguntas:

· Do I like?

· Do you have?

· Does she do?

· Do we play?

Por último, el verbo DO también se utiliza en respuestas cortas a preguntas. La diferencia entre estas respuestas cortas y un simple Sí/No puede parecer poco importante para los hablantes no nativos, pero hay una diferencia: Utilice estas respuestas cortas si quiere parecer más educado.

Por ejemplo:

  • Do you play tennis? – No, I don’t.
  • Does John work hard? – Yes, he does.
  • Does it often snow here? – No, it doesn’t.

Cómo utilizar DO, DOES y DID para expresar énfasis

Los estudiantes de inglés no suelen darse cuenta de que el verbo DO también puede utilizarse para enfatizar el verbo principal.

Eso significa que aunque esta simple frase es correcta

  • I like music.

también puedes añadir énfasis a la frase utilizando DO y decirla así:

  • I do like music.

De este modo, puedes utilizar DO, DOES y DID para enfatizar otros verbos en las formas presente simple y pasado simple. Sin embargo, no puedes hacer lo mismo con otros tiempos porque ya se utiliza otro verbo auxiliar (por ejemplo HAS, WERE, AM etc.), que no se puede combinar con DO o DOES.

Echa un vistazo a estos ejemplos:

  • ‘I went to school yesterday,’ can be emphasized if you say ‘I did go to school yesterday.’
  • ‘I noticed her,’ can be emphasized if you say ‘I did notice her.’

pero:

  • ‘Did you go home?’ no puede enfatizarse utilizando DO porque la pregunta ya utiliza DID.
  • ‘Does he love you?’ no puede enfatizarse usando DO porque la pregunta ya usa DOES.
  • ‘He was watching TV at 10pm,’ no puede enfatizarse usando DO porque la forma del pasado continuo ya usa el auxiliar WAS.
  • ‘She has taken the last piece,’ no puede enfatizarse usando DO porque el presente perfecto ya usa el auxiliar HAS.

DO, DID, DONE - las formas pasadas del verbo DO

También vale la pena mencionar que el verbo DO es irregular, lo que significa que adopta diferentes formas en el pasado y en el participio pasado. La diferencia entre la conjugación de los verbos regulares e irregulares es que los verbos irregulares no siguen un patrón regular y tienes que aprenderte de memoria las formas del pasado de los verbos irregulares.

La buena noticia es que, mientras que en el presente el verbo DO cambia a DOES en la tercera persona del singular (¡una regla dolorosa para muchos estudiantes de inglés!), las formas del pasado y del participio pasado de DO no cambian y se utiliza la misma forma para todas las personas, como puedes ver en el siguiente cuadro.

Las formas del verbo irregular DO son:

InfinitivoPasadoPasado participio
DO or DOESDIDDONE

He aquí algunos ejemplos de cómo utilizar DO en el pasado:

  • I didn’t watch TV yesterday.
  • Did you do the shopping?
  • She didn’t see Jane last week.

Verbos compuestos con DO

El verbo DO da lugar a otros verbos relacionados como OVERDO, UNDO, REDO y otros. Todos estos verbos copian el patrón irregular de DO, así que, de hecho, una vez que aprendes la conjugación de DO, también has aprendido la conjugación de todos sus verbos relacionados.

Tomemos como ejemplo el verbo irregular OVERDO. Las otras formas de OVERDO son:

  • OVERDOES en tercera persona del singular
  • OVERDID en pasado simple
  • OVERDONE en participio pasado

Conclusión: la diferencia entre DO y DOES

En pocas palabras, la única diferencia entre DO y DOES es que DOES se utiliza en la tercera persona del singular y DO en todas las demás personas.

Sin embargo, DO también puede utilizarse como verbo auxiliar, lo que significa que hay algunas reglas más que seguir si se utiliza en preguntas y enunciados negativos. Además, es un verbo irregular que adopta las formas DO, DID, DONE.

Como puedes ver, las cosas pueden complicarse bastante con el verbo DO, que es exactamente la razón que lo hace tan particular y difícil de usar para los hablantes no nativos de inglés. Pero no te preocupes, una vez que te des cuenta de cuál es la diferencia entre DO y DOES, utilizarlos te resultará muy natural.

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Best time to study according to science

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Finland School Hours

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